Endgame

Vitalik Buterin's assessment of multiple ways to scale blockchains like Ethereum to deal with massively larger transactions per second. The sharding and layering techniques he outlines are all being developed right now.

While there are many paths toward building a scalable and secure long-term blockchain ecosystem, it's looking like they are all building toward very similar futures. There's a high chance that block production will end up centralized: either the network effects within rollups or the network effects of cross-domain MEV push us in that direction in their own different ways. But what we can do is use protocol-level techniques such as committee validation, data availability sampling and bypass channels to "regulate" this market, ensuring that the winners cannot abuse their power.

Scaling these technologies is certainly possible. "But it does look increasingly clear how a realistic but bright future for scalable blockchains is likely to emerge."